this is a kub film. kidney-ureter-bladder.
ape beza antara kub and pfa? jawapan: adequacy i.e field of exposure. kalau pfa, akan nmpak from slightly above diaphragm (in case nak tgk if ade gas below diaphram eg in pneumoperitoneum) sampai abdo stuctures, tapi takkan include keseluruhan pelvic structures. tapi in kub, bole nampak all the k-u-b down to pelvic brim (in order to visualise the bladder) tapi tak include diaphragm.
[image: ihsan google.]
in the above image, ade bowel distension. and the most striking abnormalities are the stone dekat renal pelvis so besar it is impossible to miss and the right kidney yg gaban-ly enlarged probably sebab stone tu da sumbat pee drainage causing hydronephrosis.
untuk maklumat lanjut, bole baca on kidney stones in urology chapter.
baiklah. sekian sesi radiology hari ini.
[pening-pening butterfly sebab kena hujan tadi]
